True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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At a
particular location, the gravitational field around a celestial body depends only on the mass of the
body.
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2.
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If
both the radius and mass of a planet were to double, the magnitude of the gravitational field
strength at its surface would become half as great.
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3.
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The
speed of a satellite in a stable circular orbit around Earth is independent of the mass of the
satellite.
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4.
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In
the Sun’s frame of reference, the Moon’s orbit around Earth appears as an
epicycle.
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5.
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In a
typical high-school physics investigation, the “Evidence” is to the “Analysis” as
Kepler’s work was to Tycho Brahe’s work.
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6.
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In
Figure 1, where the path distances d1 and d2 are equal,
the speeds along those path segments are equal.
Figure 1
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7.
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When
calculating Kepler’s third-law constant for Earth, the value is larger for the Moon than for an
Earth-bound satellite because the Moon is much farther away.
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8.
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The
gravitational potential energy of the Earth-Moon system is inversely proportional to the square of
the distance between the centres of the two bodies.
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9.
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As a
space probe travels away from Earth, its change in gravitational potential energy is positive, even
though its gravitational potential energy is negative.
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10.
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As
you are working on this problem, your escape energy is greater than your binding
energy.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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For questions 11 to 19, refer to Figure 2.
Figure
2
The first variable named in each of questions 11 to 19
corresponds to the y-variable on one of these graphs; the second variable named corresponds to
the x-variable.
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11.
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The
y-variable is the magnitude of the gravitational field strength at a point above a planet’s
surface; x is the planet’s mass.
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12.
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The
y-variable is the magnitude of the gravitational field strength at a point above a
planet’s surface; x is the distance to the centre of the planet.
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13.
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The
y-variable is the speed of a satellite in a stable circular orbit around a planet; x is
the mass of the planet.
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14.
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The
y-variable is the speed of a satellite in a stable circular orbit around a planet; x is
the distance to the centre of the planet.
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15.
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The
y-variable is the area swept out by a line joining a planet to the Sun; x is the time
interval during which that line is swept out.
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16.
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The
y-variable is the average radius of a planet’s orbit; x is the period of
revolution of the planet’s motion around the Sun.
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17.
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The
y-variable is the cube of the average radius of a planet’s orbit; x is the square
of the period of revolution of the planet’s motion around the Sun.
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18.
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The
y-variable is the kinetic energy of a space probe that was given enough energy to escape
Earth’s gravitational field; x is the distance from Earth’s centre.
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19.
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The
y-variable is the gravitational potential energy of a space probe that was given enough energy
to escape Earth’s gravitational field; x is the distance from Earth’s
centre.
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20.
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The law that
allows us to determine Earth’s mass is a. | Kepler’s first law of planetary motion | b. | Kepler’s second
law of planetary motion | c. | Kepler’s third law of planetary motion | d. | Newton’s law of
universal gravitation | e. | Newton’s second law of motion | | |
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21.
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If the
distance between a spacecraft and Saturn increases by a factor of three, the magnitude of
Saturn’s gravitational field strength at the position of the spacecraft a. | decreases by a factor
of  | b. | increases by a factor
of  | c. | decreases by a factor
of 9 | d. | increases by a factor
of 9 | e. | decreases by a factor
of 3 | | |
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22.
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Satellite
S1 is moving around Earth in a circular orbit of radius four times as large as the radius
of the orbit of satellite S2. The speed of S1, v1, in terms
of v2 equals a. | 16v2 | b. | v2 | c. | 2v2 | d. | 0.5v2 | e. | none of these | | |
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23.
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If the mass
of the Sun were to become half its current value, with Earth maintaining its same orbit, the time
interval of one Earth year would a. | remain the same | b. | decrease by a factor of
 | c. | increase by a factor of
 | d. | increase by a factor of
2 | e. | decrease by a factor of
2 | | |
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24.
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A satellite
in geosynchronous orbit has a period of revolution of a. | 1.5
h | b. | 1.0
h | c. | 24
h | d. | 365.26
d | e. | none of
these | | |
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25.
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Figure
3 shows the path of a comet around the Sun. The speeds at the four positions shown are
vA, vB, vC, and vD. Which
statement is true?
Figure 3
a. | vA
> vB = vD > vC | b. | vA
< vB = vD < vC | c. | vA
> vB > vC >
vD | d. | vA < vB <
vC < vD | e. | none of
these | | |
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26.
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A certain
planet has Earth’s mass, but only one-quarter its diameter. The escape speed from this planet in
terms of Earth’s escape speed vE is a. | vE | b. |  vE | c. |  vE | d. | 4vE | e. | 2vE | | |
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